Uttarakhand Technical University 2010-2nd Year B.A English for Practical Purposes - Question Paper
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Univesity Name: Uttarkhand University
Paper name: English For Practical Purposes
Academic Year: 2010
Courses: B.A (Second Year) exam
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B.A. (Second Year) Examination 2010 EEG - 04 (Elective Course) English for Practical Purposes
Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70
Attempt all questions
(a) Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow: 10 Marks The Fight Against Wound Infections
In 1865 the British surgeon Joseph Lister (1827-1912) succeeded in devising for the first time a truly antiseptic principle for treating wounds. Until the middle of the nineteenth century, surgery was not only a very gruesome trade - as there was no general anaesthesia before that time - but also a dangerous method of treatment which was always followed by a protracted and often fatal infection.
The patients died even after the slightest operation. All wounds suppurated, and in the hospital wards the sweetish smell of pus everywhere prevailed. The ancient doctrine that this was good and laudable pus, and must therefore be regarded as a sign of the favourable healing of the wound, was not yet dead.
In the hospitals of Listers time, charpie was used as a dressing. Charpie was made out of old linen cloths which had become easily teased through frequent boiling, and attendants and patients who were not very ill, teased out threads of varying lengths and thicknesses; and then these threads were then brought together again to make a soft, absorbent material. Before it was used to pack a wound or as a dressing, the charpie was washed only with cold water without soap - and often not washed at all. The instruments and the sponges used to staunch blood were likewise washed only in cold water.
Like all surgeons in all countries Lister was troubled by the fact that a compound fracture -that is, a fracture in which one or both of the broken ends of the bone has pierced the overlying skin and soft tissues - never did well, and that in such cases amputation of the limb nearly always had to be performed. Further in all countries the mortality rate from septic diseases after amputation varied between 30% and 50%. This was a dreadful state of affairs. As a preliminary to an attack on this problem Lister had long been carrying on important work on inflammation and the behaviour of the blood during that process. He was led to the conclusion that wound suppuration was decomposition (or putrefaction) brought about by the effect of the atmosphere on blood or serum contained in the wound. But Lister was handicapped by the belief, widely held at that time, that putrefaction was due to oxygen in the air. He spent much time trying to exclude the air from wounds but not unexpectedly, these efforts were unsuccessful. Then in 1865 Lister learned for the first time about the important work of the French chemist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) on the theory that organised corpuscles (i.e. living bacteria) are every-where present in the air. This was the clue for which Lister was searching. He deduced that in the case of septic or putrefying wounds, it was not the air itself but the organisms in the air which caused the sepsis.
(i) What was the fate of a patient after a surgical operation until the middle of the nineteenth century?
(ii) Why was the wound not treated of its pus?
(iii) How were the surgical instruments cleaned?
(iv) What according to Lister, led to pus formation in a wound?
(v) What did Lister infer from the work of Louis Pasteur?
(b) Find synonyms (words with similar meanings) in the passage for the following words:
(i) filling one with horror 10 Marks
(ii) substances causing a loss of feeling
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(iii) |
causing death |
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(iv) |
cleaning and bandaging a wound |
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(v) |
able to take in moisture |
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(vi) |
belief |
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(vii) |
Check the flow of blood |
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(viii) |
Coming first and preparing for what follows |
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(ix) |
Prevent, keep away |
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(x) |
Decay |
2. Choose either (a) or (b) 10 Marks
(a) What is a definition? In the definition: A thermometer is an instrument which measures temperatures. what is the Term, what is the Class and what is the Differentia? Explain these terms.
OR
(b) What is an abstract? What is the function of an abstract? What are some of the important steps involved in writing abstracts?
3. Choose either (a) or (b) 10 Marks
(a)
i. What is an oral presentation?
ii. Describe the pre-presentation preparations you need to make for an oral presentation
iii. Give three graphic aids you can use
OR
(b) Give a brief explanation of the following elements of a Report:
i. The Title Page
ii. The Table of Contents
iii The Body
iv The Documentation
v The Glossary
4. Choose either (a)_or (b)
(i) List the information that must be included in a notice for a meeting.
(ii) You are the secretary of the Staff Association of Information Systems Ltd. Write a notice calling a meeting of its Executive Committee OR
(i) What is a circular letter?
(ii) Write the following circular letter:
A letter announcing that your company offices are moving from their present location (in West Delhi) to Central Delhi (110 Rajiv Chowk) which is better connected to all parts of Delhi and will help you to attend to customer complaints more quickly. You are a big dealer in electronic goods.
5. What is an agenda? What do you have to keep in mind to prepare a good agenda?
10 Marks
6. What is a proposal and what is its purpose? Describe briefly the basic structure of a proposal. 10 Marks
7. Answer the following: 10 Marks
(a) What is the difference between the following verbs:
Demand / Request
(b) Supply an appropriate response for the following:
Would you mind opening the door?
(c) Fill in the blanks:
(i) A ---------- is an alphabetic list of definitions of the unfamiliar technical terms used in
a report/article etc.
(ii) While writing a _ the entries should be arranged authorwise and
alphabetically.
(d) How would you introduce (a) yourself (b) your colleague to someone.
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Attachment: |
| Earning: Approval pending. |
