National Institute of Technology 2009 M.B.A Finance ESSENTIALS OF MANAGEMENT - Question Paper

Advantages of functional organized departments:
Logical reflection of functions
Maintains power and prestige of major functions
Follows principles of occupational specialization
Simplifies training
Furnishes means of tight control at top


Q. 4: B) Do you see any reasons why managing by objectives may outcome in increased use of matrix organizational structures?
ANS:
Yes, Managing by objectives does outcome in increased use of matrix organizational structures. Matrix organization is the combining of functional and project or product trends of departmentation in the identical organization structure. As shown in the figure beneath the matrix organization in an engineering department, there are functional managers in charge of engineering functions and an overlay of project managers responsible for the end product. This is fairly common not only in engineering and in research and development but has been used in product marketing organization.



The advantages of using the matrix organization are:
Orientation towards end outcomes
Professional identification is maintained
Pinpoints product-profit responsibility


a few of the guidelines to make matrix management more effective are:
describe the objectives of the project
Clarify the roles, authority and responsibilities of managers and team members
Influence should be based on knowledge and info rather than on rank
Balance the power of functional and project managers
choose an experienced manager who can give leadership
Undertake organization and team development
Install improper cost, time and quality controls
Reward project managers and team members fairly


Q. 5: A) What is Motivation? How does effective managing take advantage of and contribute to motivation?
ANS:
Motivation is a general term applying to the entire class of drives, desires, needs, wishes and similar forces. Human motives are based on needs, whether consciously or subconsciously felt. a few are primary needs, such as the physiological requirements for water, air, food, sleep and shelter. Other needs maybe regarded as secondary such as self esteem, status, affiliation with others, affection, giving, accomplishment and self assertion. These needs vary in intensity and over time among various individuals.
Managers motivate their subordinates by doing those things which hope to satisfy the above mentioned drives and desires and induce the subordinates to act in a desired manner.
Managers should have an understanding of the roles presumed by people, the individuality of people and the personalities of people and strive to satisfy' the needs of the employee and also utilize his potential and also contribute to the organization. a few of the human factors in managing and motivating his subordinates are:

Earning:   Approval pending.