Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) 2006 B.Tech Water Resource Engineering ET - 540B Flow in Open Channel - - Question Paper
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B.Tech, Civil (Construction Management) Term-End Examination December, 2006
ET-540(B) : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL
Maximum Marks : 70
Time : 3 hours
Note : Solve any five questions. All questions carry equal marks. Use of calculator is permitted.
1. Explain, with the help of freat and labelled sketches, gradually varied and rapidly varied flow. Give two practical examples (each with a sketch) for each case. 14
2. (a) Calculate the following quantities : 3, 4, 3
(i) Area of flow in a parabolic open channel whose top width of flow is 2 m and the depth of flow is 0*5 m. Draw its sketch and state the formula used.
(ii) Hydraulic radius of a trapezoidal channel whose depth of flow is 1-0 m, base width is 2-0 m and side slope 1:1. Show these dimensions on a neat diagram. Write the formula used, explaining the symbols.
Wetted perimeter of a triangular channel whose z = 2 and y = 2. Sketch out the section and explain the symbols used in the formula.
fvifr+htj fC-HOu
(b) Explain what is meant by section factor, and
hydraulic depth of an open channel. 4
3. Draw a neat dimensionless (not to scale) illustrative diagram that is used for determining y of a channel when section factor is given. Explain its use for various channel shapes. 14
4. (a) In a horizontal rectangular channel 1*35 m wide,
determine if a well-defined and free jump will be formed (under proper conditions) if the flow in the channel is 0-2 m3/s, y1 = 0-02 m, and y2 = 0*41 m.
Also find the required sequent depth. Comment on the difference between the given y2 and the required depth. 9
(b) Prove that in a free jump on a horizontal bed,
AE = (y2 y1)3/4y1y2 where, the symbols carry the usual meaning. 5
5. Derive, making necessary assumptions, the dynamic equation of a gradually varied flow giving an explanatory sketch (neat and labelled) and the meaning of the symbols used. 14
6. Describe the theory and computational procedure (with necessary table to be filled) for working out water surface profile in an open channel by graphical integration method. Give the necessary diagrams. 14
7. Describe (giving theoretical background) the Standard Step method of water surface profile in an open channel. Show how you will work out the results to fill the required table. Under what circumstances is this method very suitable ? 14
8. Write short notes on any four of the following
4x3=14 2
(a) Reynolds number
(b) Prismatic channel
(c) Energy loss in a jump
(d) Hydraulic jump
(e) Uniform flow
(f) Hydraulic gradient
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