Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University 2011 B.E SS parer -RSTM -1YEAR - Question Paper

The chapter of Fundamental Rights from Article 14 to 35 in Chapter Ill of the Indian Constitution is an important landmark in the process of making available to every Indian citizen social, economic and justice. The Fundamental Rights included in the constitution are divided into the subsequent 6 categories: - .
I] Right to Equality: Article 14 to 18:-
The right to equality is the very basis of a democratic state. The right to equality has been incorporated in the Indian Constitution from Articles 14-18 to abolish the discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, color and races.
a) Article 14 provides that the state shall not deny person equality before legal regulations or equal protection of legal regulations within the territory of lndia.
b) According to article 15 of the Constitution no citizen will be discriminate against on the basis of religion, race, caste, and birth-place Collectively or individually.
c) Article 16-Each citizen will get equality of opportunity.
d) An article 17-The century old melody of untouchablilty has been abolished.
e) Article 18-With the exception of military and educational title the state will not confer any other title on an individual.
ii] Right of Freedom: - Articles 19 of the Indian constitution confers the subsequent 6 freedom to the citizen of India:-
a) Freedom of speech and expression.
b) Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms.
c) Freedom to form associations and unions.
d) Freedom move freely throughout the territory of lndia.
e) Freedom to reside and settle in any part of India.
f) Freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
iii) Right against Exploitation: - Article 23 to 24:-
a) Article 23 (A) Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor.
b) Article 23 (B) No individual will be forced to do anything against his
c) Articles 24-Children beneath the age 14 years will not be allowed to work in factories, mines or in other dangerous place.
iv] Right to Religious Freedom:-Article 25 to 28:-.
a) Article 25-Every individual has the right to freedom of consciousness and to profess, practice and propagate any religion of his option.
b) Article 26-Indian citizens have been provided right to establish and administer institution for religious and charitable purposes and to manage their religious affairs themselves.
c) Article 27-no individual can be forced to pay any tax which may be used for the promotion of any religion or religious institution.
d) Article 28-No religious instruction can be provided in government educational Institution.
v) Cultural and Educational Rights:-Article 29 to 31
a) Article 29-The citizens of India residing any part of the country has been provided the right to protect their interest regarding language, script and culture.
b) Article 30-No discrimination shall be made on the basis of caste, colour, religion, race and family in the state educational institutions or such educational institutions aided by the state.
c) Article 31-Minorities have been provided freedom to establish and administer their own educational institutions.
vi] Rights of constitutional Remedies: Article 32-
The rights provided in a constitution become absolutely fruitless if adequate provisions are not given for their protection. With this objective, the subsequent provision has been made for the protection of the fundamental Rights under Article 32:-
A) Article 32(A) - A citizen can approach to the supreme court of Indian for the implementation of the fundamental Rights.
B) Article 32(B) - The state cannot suspend the right to constitutional remedies other than in cases given in Indian Constitution.
define the role if bureaucracy in modern society & state its merits & demerits

b) Profile of slums.








Industrial Democracy:-


Democracy is the most popular form of government in modern times. Today it is in an operation in a major part of the world. Every individual participates in a democratic form of government, the administration carried on according to the general will of the people and that it is a government of the people, for the people and by the people.
CONCEPT OF INDUSTRISAL DEMOCRACY:-
Democracy ensures the development of them all spheres of life. It makes provision that every person is equal and no discrimination shall be made on the basis of caste, colour, religion and creed. It also ensures, social, economic and political justice. Industrial Democracy ensures equal opportunities and participation of all in social, economic and political administrative, policies and programmed of industry. According to K.M.Sahoo.
"It may be understood as a distribution of social power in industry so that it tends to be shared out among all who are engaged in the work rather than concentrated in few hands."
Economic and industrial democracy become meaningless and useless if the democratic system is not practiced in any particular country. A actual industrial Socialism can be achieved by increasing workers participation in the industrial unit and in the decision making progress. It is very necessary to implement functioning of the industrial unit.
PHILOSOPY OF INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY
The Concept of industrial Democracy has been made successful and possible by different philosophers:
1) Syndicalism: - G.D.H. Cole is considered as the dad of Syndicalism. He was a Frenchman who adopted a policy of direct action against capitalism. subsequent are the principles of Syndicalism by Cole:-
a) It ensures the establishment of workshop democracy.
b) It provides every individual the right to work.
c) The Workers control over the management and the influence of trade unions over industrial unit.
2) Socialism: - In Democratic Socialism the respect and the dignity of the individual is provided the highest value. The subsequent are the socialist principles:-
a) It makes provisions for the establishment of the society where all means of production and exchange are nationalized.
b) Self-government of the workers through democratic means.
c) The abolition of bureaucratic set up so that workers may play an important role in the administration.
3) Gandhi an Philosophy:-
a) Active participation of Workers in management and administration.
b) The eradication of human exploitation and injustice.
c) Mutual co-operation ranging from the capitalists and the workers.
d) The participation of workers in management by electing their representatives.
4) Eclecticism:-
a) It ensures the selection of the best doctrine, method and style for the industrial sector.
b) The importance of trade unions influencing the decision of the government.
c) The joint consultation should be provided prime importance to ensure the smooth functioning of the industrial sector.
5) Social science:-
a) The emphasis should be provided to human relations instead of giving emphasis to authoritarian approach.
b) The participation of the workers in the administration and also in the decision making process.
c) The labour should treated like a human being because he is also having self-respect and can play a better role in the society.
d) Industrial Democracy can be made possible by increasing output, satisfaction of workers desire and improvement in the way of communication.

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