Biju Patnaik University of Technology 2008-7th Sem B.Tech (B Tech),ester biomedical electronics and instrumentation - Question Paper

(c)    List the advantages of using Thermistores for measuring temperature as compared to thermocouples.

(d)    Explain the use of silicon diode as a temperature sensor,

(e)    What should be the maximum leakage current when measured from patient leads * to ground or through the main Instrument grounding wire ?

(f)    Write the naminal blood pressure values 1W/| the Arterial system and venous system.

(g)    Mention the problems that encountered when fine waves are used as a source of excitation in electromagnetic flowmeter, 3

(h)    Why reference electrodes are used in pH meter ?

(>) List different types ot cells and their average sizes present in blood.

   Contd,

(j) Lrst the effects of electric current on the human body along with the current ranges.

(a) What is half-cell potential ? Draw the equivalent circuit between a pair of electrodes, body tissue and fluids and mention the physiological parameters for which the

circuit e/ements represaent in the eqivafent circuit.

5

(b) Why mfcroelectrodes are used ? With neat

diagram explain the construction of types

of microelectrodes. Mention the mrcroelec-

trode that is not pretfered for steady

state potential measurement and give reason.    ₅

(a) Describe the construction and operation of a fibre optic based intracranial pressure transducer which measures the pressure by continousiy balancing air pressure within a transducer against external pressure acting on a membrane.    5

RTO.

(b) With a suitable diagram explain different types of p'utse sensors used for the measurement of cardiac pulse.    5

4,    (a) Draw a simple block diagram of an ECG

machine. EKplain the types of artifacts commonly observed during ECG recordings.

5

(b) Explain the origin of heart sound. Describe the types of microphones commonly in use for recording phonocardiograms, What ar| W/j the desirable characteristics of the amplifiers and wiring methods for phono-candiography.    5

5,    (a) Apnoeic patients require cfose and constant

observation. What is Apnoea ? Write the basic principle of operation of Apnoea detectors. Draw a block diagram of Apnoea Monitor and explain its operation. 5

Explain in brief, ihe following methods of

measurement of Respiration Rate : 5

0) Therm is ter method

(ii)    Impedance Pneumography

(iii)    CO, method of respiration rate mca-

surement.

(a)    With a neat diagram, explain the principle of operation of a Laser doppler flow meter. What are the advantages and disadvantages in this method.    ₅

(b)    What is acid-base balance in blood and how it is controlled by physiological

mechanism ?    ₅

7. (a) Describe the construction and explain the principle ofoperation of Coulter counter 5

fb) Explain in brief the procedure of calculation of the following size of cells {any five) MCV_t MCH, MCHC. MPV, PCT, RDW, and PD W.    5