University of Pune 2010 B.Sc Biotechnology (BioTech) All s ( ) - Question Paper

Q2) Attempt any FIVE of the following    (5 x 2 = 10)

a)    Define elicitor and give 2 examples.

b)    Draw a neat & labelled diagram of Tiplasmid.

c)    Why meristem is used as explant for production of disease free plants?

d)    Enlist the methods of induced protoplast fusion.

e)    What is the role of suspensor in embryo culture?

f)    Which enzymes are used for protoplast isolation? What is their mode of action?

g)    Why diplodization is required by haploid plants?

Q3) Attempt any THREE questions in details:    (3 x 5 = 15)

a)    Comment on nutritional requirements of an embryo.

b)    What is biotransformation? Discuss with suitable examples.

c)    Comment on the origin of somaclonal variations.

d)    What are the applications of haploid plant production?

e)    Discuss the prefreezing treatments used during cryopreservation.

P305

[3819-A]-29 B.Sc. (Applied) (Sem. - II)

BIOTECHNOLOGY P-25:Techniques in Microbiology (2008 Pattern)

1

Time: 1 Hours]    [Max. Marks: 30

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    All questions are compulsory.

2)    Neat labelled diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.

3)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

QI) Selectthecorrectoption:    [5]

a)    Identification of the three lines of descent Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya has come about as a result of

i)    Advanced methods of morphological examination.

ii)    Biochemical assay.

iii)    Analysis of metabolic pathways.

iv)    Nucleic acid sequencing studies.

b)    Which of the following is used in the production of buttermilk and cheese

i)    Streptococcus mutans

ii)    Streptococcus faecalis

iii)    Lactococcus lactis

iv)    Both @i) and @ii)

c)    _are the smallest bacteria capable of self reproduction.

i)    Mycoplasma

ii)    Actino mycetes

iii)    Rickettsia

iv)    Mycobacteria

d)    Secondary metabolites are formed during which phase of bacterial growth

i)    Stationary phase

ii)    Logarithmic phase

iii)    Lag phase

iv)    Both (i) and (ii)

e)    Maclonkeys agar is an example of

i)    Differential medium

ii)    Enriched medium

iii)    Selective medium

iv)    Both (i) and (iii)

Q2) Attempt any FIVE of the following:    [10]

a)    Describe the four nutritional types of organisms in terms of their carbon and energy source.

b)    Differentiate between negative and positive staining.

c)    Explain the principle of working of an auto clave.

d)    How are fungal growth media different from bacterial growth media?

e)    Write the cell wall constituents of Archaebacteria.

f)    Give the importance of IMVIC test.

g)    Explain the role of yeasts in brewing.

Q3) Attempt any THREE of the following:    [15]

a)    Describe the growth cycle of bacteria. Add a note on industrially important phases of growth.

b)    How are bacteria classified? Comment on chemotaxonomy for classification of bacteria.

c)    Describe in detail plating techniques for enumeration of bacteria.

d)    State characteristic differences between gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

e)    Describe different components used for preparation of bacteriological media.

^P241    [3819] -1 F.Y. B.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb - 101 : Fundamentals of Chemistry (New) (2008 Pattern)

Time: 3 Hours]    [Max. Marks: 80

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    All questions are compulsory.

2)    Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever necessary.

3)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

4)    Use of logarithmic tables and calculator is allowed.

QI) Answer the following:    [16]

a)    Why do gases fails to obey ideal gas equation at high pressure and low temperature?

b)    50% of a first order reaction is completed in 23 minutes. Find the values of the rate constant.

c)    Define vapour pressure. What is effect of temperature on vapour pressure of liquid?

d)    The decomposition of MgCO_Q in a closed vessel is represented by the equation.

MgCO_Q @s)    MgO @s) + CO₂ @g)

find the number of phases and component in it.

e)    Why does the equivalent conductance of an electrolyte increases with dilutions?

f)    Represent electrode for the following reaction and write the expression for its potential.

AgBr @s) + e~-> Ag @s) + Br~.

g)    Explain the term plane of symmetry.

h)    What is QSAR?

Q2) Attempt any four of the following :    [16]

a)    State and explain Daltons law of partial pressure.

b)    What is energy of activation? How it is determined graphically?

c)    What is Vant Hoff factor? How is it related to the number of ions and degree of dissociation?

d)    Draw a neat phase diagram of sulpher system. Explain the areas, curves and triple points with reference to phase rule.

e)    What is meant by transport number of ions? Describe moving boundary method for the measurement of transport number of ions.

f)    Balance the following redox reaction by oxidation number method.

S + hno₃-> so₂ + no₂ + h₂o

Q3) Attempt any four of the following :    [16]

a)    Describe Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation.

b)    What is eutectic point? Explain phase diagram of two component system.

c)    Explain construction and working of glass electrode.

d)    A second order reaction in which the initial concentration of both reactant is same, 50% of the reaction is completed in 400 sec. How long will it take for the reaction to go to 65% completion?

e)    A solution of glycol containing I.821gms per lit. has osmotic pressure of 0.6815 atms. at 10^oC. Calculate the mol.wt. of glycol. [R = 0.082 lit. atms]

f)    Find the number of phases and number of components for the following equilibria.

i)    A binary azeotrope.

ii)    Np0₄ @g) _v ^s 2NOp @g)

Q4) Attempt any four of the following :    [16]

a)    Comment on the stability of the conformation of n-propane with the help of energy profile diagram.

b)    Write a note on optical isomerism.

c)    What are alkanes? How they are named?

d)    Discuss the formation of sigma and pi bonds on the basis of concept of atomic orbital overlap.

e)    The equivalent conductance of ammonium chloride at infinite dilution is 149.7 mhos and ionic conductance of OH and Cl~ ions are 198 and 76.3 mhos respectively. Calculate the equivalent conductance of ammonium hydroxide at infinite dilution.

f) Calculate A H and A S for the following reaction at 25⁰C.

Hg₂Cl₂ (s) + H_p (1 atms)-> 2 Hg ( I) + 2H⁺ (a = I) the emf of cell at

= - 31.9 x 10 ^R volts-deg¹. [F = 96500

p

coulombs].

Q5) Attempt any two of the following :    [16]

a)    What is half cell potential? Discuss the gas electrode with respect to formation of electrode and expression for electrode potential.

b)    What are chemical cell? Derive an expression for e.m.f. of chemical cell without transference.

c)    State and explain Kohlrauschs law of independent migration of ions. How will you determine the ionic product of water by conductance measurement?

P244

[3819]-4 F.Y. B.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb - 104 : Mathematics and Statistical Methods for Biologists (New Course) (2008 Pattern)

Time: 3 Hours]

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    All questions are compulsory.

2)    Use separate answer books for each section.

3)    Use of scientific calculator and statistical table is allowed.

4)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

SECTION - I (Mathematics)

QI) Attempt each of the following :

a) Find the principal argument of the complex number

b)    Evaluate li^m Jn² + n -

n L ^v

c)    Find rank of matrix A =

dz dz

d) If z = x^y +y^x then find and

^dy

/    \n

3n + 4

4n + 7

Find all eigenvalues for the following matrix and find the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue.

1 1 - 2

1 2 1

0 1 -1

Q3) Attempt any two of the following :

a) Verify Cayley-Hamiltons theorem for the matrix B =

Solve the following system of linear equations.

x - y + 2z - w = I 2x + y 2z 2w = 2 x + 2y 4z + w = I

Find the stationary points and examine for maximum and minimum value for the function f (x,y) = x^P + y^P xy 2x + y.

Solve the following differential equation.

dy _ - x + y + 1 dx x + y - 5

SECTION - II (Statistics)

Q4) Attempt the following :    [5 x 2 = 10]

a)    Define the different types of correlation between two variables.

b)    Following data give the number of seeds germinated out of 12 sown seeds, far 10 quadrates.

2, 5, 3, 7, 8, 3, 9, 3, 10, 4.

Find the average number of seeds germinated.

c)    Define skewness. State its types.

d)    Average weight of a group of 10 fish is 5.75kg and that of another group of 15 fish is 6.25kg. Find average weight of a fish if the groups are combined together.

e) The number of larvae observed on a leaf of a pitcher plant in a random sample of 8 leaves were I, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9. Calculate the standard deviation of the above data.

Q5) Attempt any four :    [4 x 2% = 10]

b)    F ollowing data give dry weights (in mg) of a chemical substance observed in 12 samples :

4.25, 4.20, 4.15, 3.25, 3.35, 4.70, 3.25, 4.75, 3.26, 3.75, 3.70, 4.90. Calculate mode of the data.

c)    Define the sample space with an illustration.

d)    Write sample space of a random experiment of sowing 3 seeds and recording the outcome after a few days as germinated or not.

e)    A discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution. Find E (X).

Q6) Attempt any two :    [2 x 5 = 10]

a)    The incidence of a disease in an industry is such that the workers have a 20% chance of suffering from it. What is the probability that out of six workers selected at random (i) at least 4, (ii) at most 4 will suffer from this disease.

b)    State properties of normal distribution.

c)    The following table gives ages and blood pressures of 5 women :

Age (X) : 56 42 36 47 49

B. P (Y) : 147 125 118 128 145 Calculate correlation coefficient between X and Y.

b) The simple correlation coefficients between temperature (X, yield (X₂) and rainfall (X_Q) are r₁₂ = 0.59, r = 0.46, r₂₃ = 0.77. Calculate the values

[3819]-5 F.Y. B.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY

Bb-105 : Fundamentals of Biological Chemistry (2008 Pattern)

[Max. Marks: 80

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    All questions are compulsory.

2)    All questions carry equal marks.

QI) Attempt the following:

a)    Write the structure of Adenosine and ATP.

b)    Why sucrose is a non reducing sugar while Lactose is a reducing sugar?

c)    Differentiate between salt precipitation and organic solvent precipitation of proteins.

d)    List out the forces that stabilize the structure of proteins.

e)    Draw the structure of a tripeptide made of Alanine, Glutamic acid and Serine.

f)    Name the coenzymes of Riboflavin and Niacin.

g)    List out four features of enzyme active site.

h)    Why is the carboxyl group of alanine more acidic than the carboxyl group of acetic acid?

Q2) Answer any four of the following :    [16]

a)    Give the structural and functional features of tRNA with the help of a neat diagram.

b)    Write nucleophilic addition reaction with suitable example.

c)    Define amphipathic Lipids. How do they behave when exposed to water?

d)    Write short note on PLP as coenzyme.

e)    Give two methods to determine the N Terminal amino acid in a protein.

a)    Explain the role of cell membrane in transport of molecules with a suitable example.

b)    Write short note on Ramachandram plot.

c)    Describe the desalting of proteins using Dialysis technique.

d)    Give the biological significance of carbohydrates.

e)    Differentiate between unicellular and multicellular organisms.

Q4) Attempt any two of the following :    [16]

a)    Classify lipids with suitable examples.

b)    Explain the separation of proteins by gel electrophoresis?

c)    Explain the structural features of A, B and Z DNA forms.

Q5) Attempt any two of the following :    [16]

a)    Discuss the importance of storage and structural polysaccharides.

b)    Classify Amino acids based on their R group.

c)    Elaborate on the action of competitive and noncompetitive inhibitor on enzyme activity.

^P246    [3819]-6 F.Y. B.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb-106 : Biophysics and Instrumentation (2008 Pattern)

Time: 3 Hours]    [Max. Marks: 80

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    All questions are compulsory.

2)    Draw neat diagrams where required.

Q1 Answer the following:    [16]

a)    Using Rydbergs formula calculate wavelength of first and second spectral line of hydrogen spectrum. (Given R = 1.09 6 7 8 x 10⁷ m¹)

b)    What are radiowaves? Where they are used?

c)    State two importance of IR spectroscopy.

d)    Find radius of carbon by using imperical formula.

(Given r_Q = 1.3 x 10 ¹Sm)

e)    Give advantages of RIA method.

f)    What is difference between enthalpy and entropy?

g)    Define :

i)    Reductant potential.

ii)    Chemical potential.

h)    State two difference between optical microscope and electron microscope.

Q2) Attempt any four :    [16]

a)    Explain in short

i)    Principle quantum number (n).

ii)    Orbital quantum number {jl).

iii)    Spin quantum number (s).

iv)    Orbital magnetic quantum number (**>,*,)

b)    Describe Hertz experiment to demonstrate electromagnetic waves.

c)    State and explain first and second law of thermodynamics.

d)    Write short note on resting potential.

e)    The resistance of a platinum wire is 5 at 0C 8 6 at 100C calculate temperature coefficient of resistance.

f)    Write short note on Atomic Absorption spectroscopy.

Q3) Attempt any four :    [16]

a)    The series limit wavelength for Balmer series of hydrogen spectrum is 3645 A calculate value of Rydberg constant.

b)    State Lambert-Beers law and explain use of colourimetry.

c)    State limitation of first law of thermodynamics.

d)    State principle and construction of platinum resistance thermometers.

e)    Explain method to calculate Gibbs free energy change, from equilibrium constant.

f)    Explain term spinning electron in vector atomic model.

Q4) Answer any two of following :    [16]

a)    What do you meant by non-rigid rotator? Hence obtain expression for energy of non rigid rotator.

b)    Describe the construction and working of scintillation counter and describe how it may be utilized in study of nuclear reaction.

c)    What is pH? Explain construction and working of pH meter.

Q5) a) Discuss vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules.    [8]

b) Write short note on :    [8]

i)    Shell model of nucleus.

ii)    Liquid drop model of nucleus.

OR

a) Write note on :

i)    ECG.

ii)    EEG.

b) Discuss scanning electron microscope in brief.

[3819]-7 F.Y. B.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb-107: Microbiology (New) (2008 Pattern)

[Max. Marks: 80

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    All questions are compulsory.

2)    Draw neat and labelled diagrams wherever necessary.

3)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q1 Answer the following:

a)    State two characteristics of fimbriae.

b)    What are diatoms?

c)    State two contributions of Antony Van Leuwenhook.

d)    State two characteristics of viruses that are similar to living things.

e)    Define: chemoautotrophs. Give suitable example.

f)    What is meant by lag phase of growth.

g)    State two examples of sporulating bacteria.

h)    Enlist two characteristics of yeasts.

Q2) Attempt any four :    [16]

a)    Write a note on negative staining.

b)    State the various morphological features of bacteria used in classification.

c)    Describe the structure of spore with a neat and labelled diagram.

d)    State the principle and uses of an Autoclave.

e)    What is a differential medium? Give suitable example.

f)    Explain run and tumble with respect to bacterial motility.

Q3) Attempt any four :    [16]

a)    Describe in brief the working of a pH meter.

b)    Describe the use of very low temperature in preservation of bacteria.

c)    State the role of sodium chloride in bacterial media.

d)    Describe the fungal spores used in asexual reproduction.

e)    Classify bacteria based on their temperature requirement for growth.

f)    Describe in brief some viral plant pathogens.

Q4) Attempt any two :

a)    Describe the use of Petroff Hausser counting chamber for enumeration of bacteria.

b)    Explain the mechanism of Lysogeny in X phage.

c)    Explain the mechanism of Gram staining.

Q5) Attempt any one :

a)    Give a detailed account of Bacterial Flagella with respect to :

i)    Ultrastructure.

ii)    Composition.

iii)    Location in the cell wall.

iv)    Arrangement.

b)    Describe in detail numerical taxonomy in bacterial classification.

[3819]-8 F.Y. B.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb-108 : Uses of Computers (New) (2008 Pattern)

Time: 3 Hours]

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    All questions are compulsory.

2)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

QI) Attempt all of the following:    [8 x 2 = 16]

a)    State the applications of O.S.

b)    Define the following terms :

i)    ROM.

ii)    Software.

c)    Write the characteristics of computer.

d)    What is WAN?

e)    State the term icon.

f)    State true or false :

i)    Time sharing system allows to perform multiple applications at a time.

ii)    All Database softwares supports to provide security.

g)    Write note on menubar.

h)    What is Multimedia?

Q2) Attempt any four of the following :    [4 x 4 = 16]

a)    Explain the different objectives of computer in Biotechnology.

b)    Write note on input devices.

c)    Explain ISO-OSI model.

d)    Write note on Server and Workstation.

e)    Explain mail-merge feature of MS-Word.

f)    Describe the applications of internet.

Q3) Attempt any four of the following :    [4x4 = 16]

a)    What are the components of LAN?

b)    Write note on virus with their types?

c)    State the differences between HLL and LLL.

d)    Write note on toolbar.

e)    List the names of storage devices. Explain any one in detail.

f)    Write note on generation of computer.

Q4) Attempt any two of the following :    [2 x 8 = 16]

a)    Write note on E-R model with suitable examples of E-R diagram.

b)    Explain the layout of MS-Word.

c)    State the types of graphs in MS-Excel. Explain any one type in detail.

Q5) Attempt the following :    [16]

a)    What is an algorithm? Explain the characteristics of algorithm.

OR

Draw a flowchart to find out maximum and minimum of n numbers.

b)    Write an algorithm and draw flowchart to find LCM of Z numbers.

OR

Write note on NCBI.

[3819] - 202 S.Y. B.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY - II Bb - 222 : Plant and Animal Tissue Culture (2008 Pattern) (Sem. - II)

[Max. Marks: 80

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    All questions are compulsory.

2)    Answers to both the sections should be written on separate answer sheets.

3)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

SECTION - I

Q1) Answer any six in brief :

a)    Explain the principle of laminar air flow cabinet.

b)    Differentiate between embryo and embryoid.

c)    Why are haploids sexually sterile?

d)    What is habituation?

e)    Differentiate between hybrids and cybrids.

f)    Define micropropagation.

g)    What are cryoprotectants?

h)    Give important contribution of Haberlandt to plant tissue culture.

Q2) Attempt any three of the following :    [12]

a)    Enlist the growth retardants used in PTC. Add a note on their action.

b)    Describe the methods for estimation of cell growth in suspension culture.

c)    Write a note on limitations of micropropagation.

d)    What are elicitors? How they help increase the production of secondary metabolites?

e)    What is organogenesis? Explain various factors affecting organogenesis.

OR

Describe in detail various methods of protoplast fusion. b) Give an account of fungal resistance through transgenic plants. [8]

SECTION - II

Q4) Answer the following:    [12]

a)    What do you understand by vented and sealed culture vessels? Give one significance of each.

b)    Due to load-shedding, the CO₂ incubator experiences changes in temperature, what is effect of temperature variation on cell growth.

c)    Enlist the names and benefits of attachment factors and biosubstrates used in cell culture.

d)    What are class II biosafety cabinets?

e)    Give two significances of balanced salt solutions.

f)    What do you mean by low density culture?

Q5) Answer any three of the following :    [12]

a)    Write a note on sterilization of liquid by membrane filtration.

b)    Explain the term cGLP.

c)    Why do we use serum in ATC?

d)    Describe animal protein free media.

e)    How can one use Hollow-fibre systems for culturing animal cells?

Q6) a) What are cell repositories? Explain their functioning.    [8]

OR

Differentiate between batch or perfusion culture verses stirred suspension culture.

b) How will you characterize the given cell line by using :    [8]

i)    Phenotype.

ii)    Karyotype.

[3819] - 203 S.Y. B.Sc. (Sem. - II) BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb - 223 : English (Old & New Course) (2008 Pattern)

Time: 3 Hours]    [Max. Marks :80

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    All questions are compulsory.

2)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q1) a) We are living in a time of great and continuing changes. The most obvious feature of the modern world is the enormous development of science and technology. This has given man a deeper understanding of Nature, so that there is a possibility of providing a good life to every human being.

These great changes have resulted from a number of factors which are characteristic of the modern age. The first is tremendous growth of science due the emphasis placed on it in education, and due to the immense investment that all modern nations are making in scientific research. Secondly, this development of science is being continuously applied to improve technology which, in its turn, has revolutionised agriculture, created modern industry, and transformed all services like transport, communication, education, health and housing. The wealth, power and standard of living of a nation therefore now depend directly on its command over science and technology.

Thirdly the new technology is itself leading to progress, where advances in thus there is now a circle of progress, where advances in science lead to improvements in technology, which, in their turn, lead to still further advances in science. Scientific knowledge is therefore growing at a tremendous rate at present and is being doubled about every ten years. The obsolescence of knowledge is now so rapid that, in the opinion of Dr. D.S. Kothari, a modern university degree, like a passport, should be valid only for a period of the five years.

i) ii) What is the opinion of Dr. D.S. Kothari? Why does he say so? [2] Which is the most obvious feature of the modern world? What has it given to mankind? [2] iii) Why there is tremendous growth of science? [2] iv) What do you understand by circle of progress? [2] Write a paragraph on a true friend. [8]

OR

My Institution

Q2) a) Choose the correct form of verb and rewrite the sentence (any four): [4]

i)    John (have) breakfast at the moment.

ii)    It (rain) a lot in this part of the country.

iii)    Vinod generally (sit) at the back.

iv)    The students (enjoy) his speech the other day.

v)    Leena (learn) French since 2009.

b)    Put the, a/an and complete the sentence (any four). If no article is required put X.

[4]

i)    Mr. Smith is_honest man.

ii)    _Indian ocean is to the south of India.

iii)    God created_man.

iv)    Seema took_inkpot from the drawer.

v)    Dharma can ride on_bicycle.

c)    Use the following pairs of words and make sentences (any four) : [4]

i)    cite / site

ii)    brake / break

iii)    affect / effect

iv)    beside / besides [3819]-203 2

v)    foul / fowl

d) Express the followings in one word (any four) :    [4]

i)    A cup board in which one hangs clothes.

ii)    A wide road with trees on each side.

iii)    A judge in a lower court.

iv)    One who studies the weather.

v)    One who leaves his own country to settle in another.

Q3) a) Write a precis of the following paragraph.    [8]

Individuals constitute society which has certain ideas, models & norms in general in respect of behaviour, conduct duties & responsibilities towards one another. Love to humanity, universal brother hood, sincerely, honesty & integrity of character, firm attitude of rendering help & doing actions & works in general benefit etc. are some of the constituents of healthy social life. True education aims at developing individuals into social beings having these virtues. Schooling is a preparatory stage for cultivating the sense of social values. For example in the laboratories where students work in cooperative way develop scientific attitude towards social life.

In libraries while sitting together for study by self they practice patience. In the hostel students while leading a corporate life imbibe the spirit of living together like brothers, behave harmoniously sinking their differences & experience what the members of the society do for adhesion to human & humane feelings. Activities correlated with academic aspects afford them opportunities for bringing about their physical & intellectual development, strengthening common bonds of spirit. Activities like N.C.C. & N.S.S. Boys Scout & Girls Guide help the students to develop themselves physically & include in them the patriotic virtues & enthuses in them preparedness for safety & security of the country at the time we need.

Thus we impart social values to the students in our school systems.

b) Write experimental record of Beta oxidation of fatty acids.    [8]

Q4) a) Look at the following graph and answer the questions given below.

(Draw the grapltfe athijjseyuntnce    [8]

S>4 ST

mi ?L

i)    In which year the deposits in the bank were highest.

ii)    Which year shows the downward trend and by how much.

iii)    What were the deposits in 1981?

iv)    By what amount did deposits increase from 1983 to 1984.

b) Write the experimental records of onion root tips in studying mitosis.

[8]

Q5) a) Write a letter to the Head of your Institution requesting him/her to give your class a permission to attend the seminar which will be held at Malegnon, Tal Baramati on the role of Bio technology on sugar cane farming.    [8]

OR

You are staying in a hostel. Write a letter to your parents about the coming exam.

b) Form new words from prefixes and suffixes    [8]

Prefixes    Suffixes

extro___age

mal___ry

vice___wise

counter    some

4

P255

[3819] - 204 S.Y. B.Sc. (Sem. - II) BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb - 224 : Metabolic Pathways (New Course) (2008 Pattern)

Time: 3 Hours]    [Max. Marks :80

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    All questions are compulsory.

2)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

3)    Draw neat labelled diagram wherever necessary.

4)    Use of color pensils restricted to diagrams.

QI) Attempt the following as directed :    [20]

a)    Match the enzymes that degrade glycogen in the left column with appropriate properties from right column

i)    Phosphorylase    A) Is part of a single polypeptide with

2 activities.

ii)    a-1, 6 glycosidase B) Cleaves a,-1, 4 glycosidic bond

iii)    Transferase    C) Releases glucose

D)    Releases glucose-lphosphate

E)    Moves 3 sugars from 1 chain to other

F)    Requires ATP.

b)    What two properties make triacylglycerols more efficient than glycogen for storage of metabolic energy?

c)    Galactose metabolism involves following reactions :

i)    Galactose + ATP-> Galactose-1 phosphate + ADP + H⁺

ii)    ?

iii) UDP-galactose - >: UDP-glucose

A)    Write reaction for step (ii)

B)    Which step is defective in galactosemia?

C)    Which enzymes catalyze steps (i), (ii) and (iii)?

D)    How is NAD⁺ involved in the reaction in step (iii)?

d) Examine the reaction scheme in the margin :

i)    Name the enzyme A and B

[15]

ii)    The two phosphate groups

on 1,3-BPG appear on 2,3-BPG, after reaction catalyzed by enzyme A, true or false?

Give reasons.

Q2) Write notes on (Any 3) :

a)    Major Biochemical roles of nucleotides.

b)    Significance of pentose phosphate pathway.

c)    Peter Mitchells chemiosmotic hypothesis.

d)    Boyers binding change mechanism.

Q3) Attempt as instructed :

[15]

Match capital letters indicating the reactions of glyconeogenic pathway with following statements

a)    Occurs in the mitochondria_

b)    Occurs in cylosol_

c)    Produces CO₂_

d)    Consumes CO₂_

e)    Requires ATP_

f)    Requires GTP_

g)    Requires Biotin cofactor_

h)    Is an anaplerotic reaction_

OR

Explain in detail, the P-oxidation of 16:0, give its energetics.

Q4) a) How urea cycle is connected to TCA cycle? Explain.

[U]

b) What are transamination reactions? Explain with the help of SGOT &

SGPT.

OR

Explain -scheme of photosynthesis.

[7]

b) How fatty acids are synthesized in cells?    [8]

OR

Explain the following regulatory mechanisms that control enzyme activity.

a)    Allosteric interactions.

b)    Phosphorylations.

c)    Proteolytic activations.

[3819] - 301 T.Y. B.Sc. (Sem. - III) BIOTECHNOLOGY

Bb - 331: Microbial Biotechnology (2008 Pattern & 2004 Pattern/Common) (Old & New Course)

[Max. Marks: 80

Time: 3 Hours]

Instruction to the candidates:

1)    Question No.l is compulsory.

2)    Attempt any four out of the remaining questions.

3)    Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary.

4)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

QI) Answer all questions in 2-4 lines.    [20]

a)    Define yield coefficient.

b)    Name four pathogens that cause gastroenteritis.

c)    Define auxotroph with suitable example.

d)    Define pasteurization.

e)    Enlist four advantages of intestinal flora.

f)    What is the significance of nutrient remoral in tertiary treatment of waste water?

g)    State the use of Baculoviruses in Agriculture.

h)    A HIV positive patients blood may contain thousands of different variants of HIV-explain.

i)    Enlist four extrinsic factors affecting growth. j) What is substrate level phosphorylation?

Q2) Answer all questions:

a)    Justify-the growth rate in chemostat is always below jimax value. [7]

b)    Compare and contrast-fed batch and continuous culture.    [8]

Q3) a) Define lithotrophy and explain in brief physiological groups of lithotrophs.

[7]

b) Describe regulation of tryptophan operon with suitable diagram. [8]

Q4) a) Enlist sexually transmitted diseases and explain any one in detail. [7] b) Describe the mode of action of antiviral agents acting on DNA synthesis.

[8]

Q5) a) Describe activated sludge process for waste-water treatment with suitable diagram.    [7]

b) Explain spoilage of milk with respect to colour and flavour defects. [8]

Q6) a) Justify-Microbes can be used to meet the rising demand of food requirement of the world.    [5]

b) Describe with the help of a flow diagram a sewage treatment plant and describe it in brief.    [10]

Q7) Write short notes on.    [15]

a)    Specialized transduction.

b)    Normal flora of the vagina.

c)    YATP.

P257

[3819] - 302 T.Y. B.Sc. (Sem. - III)

BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb - 332: Animal & Plant Development (New Course) (2008 Pattern)

Time: 3 Hours]    [Max. Marks : 80

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    Answers to each section should be written in separate answer books.

2)    Question No.l & Q.No.5 are compulsory. From remaining questions attempt any two from each section.

SECTION - I

(Plant Development)

QI) Explain the term with respect to plant development.    [10]

a)    Dedifferentiation.

b)    Promeristem.

c)    Megasporogenesis.

d)    Anatropousovule.

e)    Plant hormone.

Q2) a)    Define transgenic plant? Explain any two techniques in detail with suitable

diagram.    [8]

b) What is somatic embryogenesis? Explain different stages of somatic embryogenesis with suitable diagram.    [7]

Q3) a) Write in detail the role of floral identity genes in floral patterening in Arabidopsis thaliama.    [8]

b) Comment on Meristem development is dependent on signals from other parts of the plant.    [7]

Q4) Write notes on:    [15]

a)    Role of Cytokinin 8 Absissic acid in plant development.

b)    Distinguish the growth pattern in animal 8 plant development.

c)    Abnormal development in plant.

SECTION-II

(Animal Development)

a)    Determination.

b)    Competence.

c)    Transgenic animals.

d)    Progenitor cells.

e)    Apoptosis.

Q6) a)    Describe the process of Gastrulation in frog and add a note on fate of

the three germinal layers.

[8]

b) Explain the terms - Differentiation, De-differentiation, Re-differentiation and Trans-differentiation with the help of limb regeneration system. [7]

Q7) a) Describe in detail the process and significance of Fertilization of Ovum.

[8]

b) What is ageing? Describe ageing as a developmental process, with suitable

example.

[7]

Q8) a) Compare and contrast monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. [7]

b) Describe in detail the Immunoglobulin Genes.

[8]

P258

[3819] - 303 T.Y. B.Sc BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb - 333: Biodiversity & Systematics (Sem. - III) (New Course) (2008 Pattern)

Time: 3 Hours]    [Max. Marks : 80

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    Question No.l is compulsory.

2)    Answer any four out of remaining questions.

3)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

QI) Attempt the following.    [20]

a)    Define commensalism. Give one example.

b)    Explain transect method of sampling.

c)    What is home range.

d)    Define T value.

'    m

e)    Explain geographical isolation.

f)    Mention the mathematical formula used to calculate the Jaccards similarity coefficient.

g)    What is bioprospecting.

h)    Explain Binomial Nomenclature.

i)    Define National park. Give two examples. j) What is Niche.

Q2) a) Explain the concept that Taxonomy today is multi disciplinary synthetic discipline of biological sciences.    [8]

b) Write the role of various organization in conservation.    [7]

Q3) a) Explain basic behavioral pattern in plants.    [8]

b) Chemistry as a tool, is more effective for classification of microbes then plants or animals Justify.    [7]

Q4) a) What are various ways to recover population of a particular species on the verge of extinction?    [8]

b) What is age structure of population? Describe characteristics of decling population    [7]

Q5) a) Define Biome. Describe grassland 8 tundra biomes in detail.    [8]

b) Describe acts/laws implemented for conservation of nature.    [7]

Q6) Write short notes on.    [15]

a)    Territory.

b)    Beta diversity.

c)    Artificial classification.

P259

[3819] - 601 S.Y. B.Sc BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb - 221: Molecular Biology (Sem. - I) (2004)

Time: 3 Hours]    [Max. Marks : 80

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    All questions are compulsory.

2)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

3)    Draw neat labelled diagrams wherever necessary.

4)    Use of color pensils restricted to diagrams.

QI) Attempt the following in 2 - 3 sentences.    [10 x 2 = 20]

a)    What are nucleosomes?

b)    Define genetic code, enlist its properties.

c)    Distinguish between ER bound ribosomes 8 free ribosomes.

d)    How attenuation regulates tryptophan operon?

e)    What are N-linked and O-linked glycoproteins?

f)    Illustrate -10 8 -35 sequences in transcription.

g)    Give the roles of topoisomerases and gyrases in DNA replication.

h)    Write the mechanism of alkylating agents causing transversion mutation.

i)    Enlist four distinguishing features of A and B forms of DNA. j)    What is rho independent termination of transcription?

Q2) Give reasons for the following (any five)    [5 x 3 a I5]

a)    SOS repair is the last source of repair.

b)    H1 histone acts as linker molecule in DNA packaging.

c)    Viruses can be classified on the bases of their genomes.

d)    DNA replication of eukaryotes has multiple ori of replication.

e)    Caperones help in protein folding.

f)    LINEs and SINEs are repetative mammalian DNA.

Q3) Write short notes on any three of the following.

[3 x 5 = 15]

a)    Overview of the arabinose operon.

b)    Polytene chromosome.

c)    Junk DNA.

d)    Site specific recombination.

e)    Rec A dependent repair.

Q4) a)    Describe the function of stop-transfer sequences.    [8]

OR

a)    Sketch the SRP cycle and relate it to ribosome cycle.

b)    Outline the distinguishing properties of class I and class II amino acyl

tRNA synthases.

[U]

OR

b) Discuss the role of 5 Bromouracil as base analog 8 a candidate for mutating DNA.

Q5) Attempt the following in 8 - 10 sentences.

[15]

a)    List the substrates and reaction mechanism of ligases.

b)    Distinctive features of DNA pol III holoenzyme.

c)    P clamp increases processivity of replication.

[3819] - 602 S.Y. B.Sc BIOTECHNOLOGY-II Bb - 222: Plant and Animal Tissue Culture

(24082) (Sem. - II) (2004)

[Max. Marks: 80

Time: 3 Hours]

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    All questions are compulsory.

2)    Answers to both the sections should be written on separate answer sheets.

3)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

SECTION-I

QI) Answer any six in brief.

[12]

a)    Give contribution of Guha and Maheshwari to PTC.

b)    Differentiate between direct and indirect embryogenesis.

c)    Explain totipotency of plant cells.

d)    Enlist the controlled environmental conditions maintained in PTC laboratory.

e)    Enumerate applications of suspension culture.

f)    Differentiate between a chemostat and a turbidostat.

g)    Enlist advantages of micropropagation.

h)    Define biotransformation.

Q2) Attempt any three of the following.    [12]

a)    Describe the protocol for haploid production in PTC.

b)    What is a subculture? Why it is so important?

c)    Comment on growth of cells in suspension cultures.

d)    Write a note on habituation of cultures.

e)    Explain the significance of somaclonal variations.

Q3) What do you understand by long term storage of germplasm? Describe different methods used for it.    [8]

OR

a)    Give a detailed account of herbicide resistance through transgenic plants.

b)    Give an account of production of symmetrical 8 asymmetrical hybrids.

[8]

SECTION-II

Q4) Answer any six of the following.

What do    you understand by_    [12]

a)    Aberrations, in light microscopy.

b)    Adherent cells.

c)    Ageing of cells in culture.

d)    Aggregate culture.

e)    Balanced salt solution.

f)    Batch culture.

g)    Cytogenetic analysis.

h)    Cyropreservation.

Q5) Write notes on any three of the following.    [12]

a)	Laminar Airflow cabinets.
b)	Suspension cultures.
c)	DMSO-as cryoprotectant.
d)	Un differentiate cell lines.
e)	Significance of cell fusion.
Q6) a)	Explain in detail organ culture. Give its applications advantages of	serum
	free media.	[8]
b)	Give the design concept, layout and maintenance of ATC lab.	[8]

P261

[3819] - 603 S.Y. B.Sc. (Sem. - II) BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb - 223 : English (Old & New Course) (2004 Pattern)

Time: 3 Hours]    [Max. Marks :80

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    All questions are compulsory.

2)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

QI) a) Socrates taught that the man who is master of himself is truly free. By being master of oneself he meant first knowing oneself. Ones faults and weaknesses and ones good points, without making any pretence and without being vain, and then being able to control oneself. This knowledge of himself was what helped a man to be courageous, and the courageous man has very important sort of freedom from fear. Socrates himself, because he was not afraid of the consequences, always felt free to teach what he thought was right, however unpopular this might make him with the powerful people in Athens.

No wonder all his pupils loved Socrates. But he made some dangerous enemies by his strange ways of teaching and asking questions. Some of the rulers in Athens did not like people to be encouraged to ask questions for fear they would begin asking questions about what their rulers were doing. So they accused Socrates of teaching young men wicked things and leading them to throw off their religion. This was false for in fact Socrates was a very religious man. At last his enemies had him arrested, and he was condemned to death.    [8]

i)    According to Socrates, what type of man is truly free? and why?

ii)    What was Socrates accused of ?

iii)    How did Socrates have enemies?

iv)    Why did some rulers dislike people to be encouraged to ask questions?

b) Expand the following ideas    [8]

i)    A true citizen.

ii)    Where there is will there is a way.

Q2) a) Fill in the blank and complete the following table (any four) :    [4]

Noun Verb Adjective excel

civilian

mad

nobility

harden

b) Fill in the blanks with the, a | an wherever necessary. (Where no

article is needed put X).

_Calcutta is one of biggest city in_India.

crowded. I live here and go to_office by_

_long time at_bus stop. I have_son.

c) Rewrite the following sentences in simple language (any four) :

[4]

i)    Fuel tank deformation was present.

ii)    Accident frequency depends on the adequacy of roadway visibility.

iii)    There is adequate access for men and material.

iv)    The police were asked to make an investigation in that matter.

v)    Will you please terminate the illumination.

d) Mention the parts of speech of the underlined words (any four) : [4]

i)    We flew above the clouds.

Will you please see above?

ii)    I have a pain in the back.

I will come back in five minutes.

iii)    The little girl fell down

While she was running down the hill.

iv)    The earth is round.

We won the first round of cricket match.

v)    Stand up when the teacher enters.

We climbed up the hill.

Q3) a) Draw Pie graph showing rendership of four magazines :    [8]

i)    Pictorial weekly 15 %

ii)    Illustrated weekly 40%

iii)    Life magazine 25%

iv)    Saptahik sukal 20%

b) Write the experimental record of separation of cell-organelle using centrifugation.    [8]

OR

What do you understand by editing and what is its importance?

b) Mention the parts of speech of the underlined words in the following sentences (any four)    [8]

i)    Last month, we had a continual round of parties.

ii)    What time is the next up train?

iii)    Let us book five sents for sundays matinee.

iv)    Gopal climbs like a cat.

v)    Sunita worked by the light of a candle.

Q5) a) Make a note of the following passage :    [8]

Morality is social. All our actions are subject to the judgement of the community in which welive. We are held accountable for what we do morality is considered as social because other people by their responses may approve our behaviour or may disapprove it. Both what we do 8 the reaction of the society are social facts. Hence morality is social. It deals with what is good 8 what is evil. What is right 8 what is wrong. It (morality) deals with rights, duties 8 virtues of the people living in a society. Moral consciousness is the self awareness of the character of an action as right or wrong. Moral consciousness leads an individual towards spiritualisation. Spiritualism, therefore, is an inner realization of spirit. Morality helps mankind to understand the difference between good 8 evil 8 respect the diginity of other people. Spiritualism on the other hand helps people to enter more 8 more fully into the spiritual realm. Spiritual values are eternal 8 unchanging. To realize these eternal values man takes the help of moral values. Which refines his behaviour 8 conduct.

b) Write a report on Laboratories in your college.    [8]

OR

Write a summary of the social service camp you attended recently.

[3819] - 702 T.Y. B.Sc. (Sem. - III) BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb - 332: Recombinant DNA Technology (Old Course) (2004 Pattern)

[Max. Marks: 80

Time: 3 Hours]

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    Question No.l is compulsory.

2)    Attempt any four from the remaining.

3)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

QI) Answer the following in 2 - 4 lines.

[20]

a)    Mention any two characters of an ideal host for cloning.

b)    State the role of polylinker in genetic engineering.

c)    Write the full forms of the following:

i) RAPD ii) MAC

A[260]........

d)    a[280] is used in checking the DNA purity. Justify.

e)    What is the role of S_x nuclease in r-DNA technology?

f)    What is insertional inactivation?

g)    Write the functions of the following in DNA extraction.

i) Chloroform. ii) SDS.

h)    Enlist the radioactive 8 non-radioactive probes used in nucleic acid labelling.

i)    Define phagemid.

j) What is an expression vector?

Q2) a) Explain the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering.    [7]

b) Explain the applications of PCR technology.    [8]

Q3) a)    Explain the western blotting technique.    [7]

b)    Elaborate on any one method of clone screening.    [8]

Q4) a)    Explain the production of any one recombinant vaccine.    [8]

b)    Describe the factors affecting the efficiency of PCR technique.    [7]

Q5) a)    Explain the construction of a genomic library.    [10]

b)    How is the molecular weight of plasmids determined.    [5]

Q6) Write short notes:    [15]

a)    cDNA.

b)    Colony hybridization.

c)    Application of genetic engineering in plants.

[3819] - 703 T.Y. B.Sc. (Sem. - III)

BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb - 333: Biodiversity and Systematics (Old Course) (2004 Pattern)

Time: 3 Hours]    [Max. Marks : 80

Instruction to the candidates:

1)    Question No.l is compulsory.

2)    Answer any 4 out of the remaining questions.

3)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

QI) Attempt the following.    [20]

a)    What is ecological equivalence?

b)    Define Autecology.

c)    Enlist any two markers used for chemotaxonomy.

d)    Explain the term Ecotone.

e)    Mention the mathematical formula used to calculate the Shannon index with appropriate explanation of the terms used in it.

f)    What is carrying capacity?

g)    Define community.

h)    Define Ecosystem.

i)    Explain the concept of sanctuary.

j) What is mutualism? Mention an example.

Q2) a) Explain 5 kingdom classification system.    [8]

b) Describe various methods to assess species diversity.    [7]

Q3) a) What is In-Situ conservation? Describe various methods used to achieve

it.    [8]

b) Elaborate different growth forms for a population.    [7]

Q4) a) Describe the role of Morphological keys in Taxonomy. Add a note on

their limitations.    [8]

b) Describe the concept of Biological clock with suitable examples.    [7]

Q5) a) What are Biomes? Explain desert and forest biomes in detail.    [8]

b) What is age structure? Describe the characteristics of expanding

population.    [7]

Q6) Write short notes on:    [15]

a)    Role of cell wall in Bacterial classification.

b)    Biogeographic regions.

c)    Various levels of Biodiversity.

[3819] - 801 T.Y. B.Sc. (Sem. - IV) BIOTECHNOLOGY

Bb - 341: Large Scale Manufacturing Processes (Old 2006 & 2004 Pattern) (Back log)

[Max. Marks: 80

Time: 3 Hours]

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    Q.I is compulsory. Attempt any four out of the remaining questions.

2)    Draw well labelled diagrams wherever necessary.

3)    Answers to the sub questions are to be written together.

4)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

QI) Answer the following in 2 - 4 lines.    [20]

a)    What are high value - low volume products? State the role they play in economy with an example.

b)    Enlist the various materials used in bioreactor construction. Mention any two surface treatment procedures used in designing of the fermenter.

c)    Multiple filters are used in air sterilization. Justify with reasons.

d)    What is biotransformation? State the use of immobilized cells in biotransformation.

e)    State the principle of the foam sensing 8 control unit of a bioreactor.

f)    Mention the various methods of cell disruption used in a bioprocess.

g)    Penicillin production involves precursor addition in media. State the reasons with an example.

h)    Enlist the vitamins produced by bioprocesses. Mention the production strains used.

i)    Mention the tests to be conducted for the quality assurance of a novel antibiotic produced by a bioprocess.

j) What are the factors contributing to the pricing of a product?

Q2) a) What is solid state fermention? Explain the media used, factors affecting the process and use of selective strains with examples.    [7]

b) Explain the various strategies of running a fed-batch process.    [8]

Q3) a) Explain the design 8 working of a computer controlled fermenter with the help of a diagram.    [10]

b) Del factor as a sterilization criterion. Justify.    [5]

Q4) a) State the role of chromatography in downstream processing. Explain the principle of affinity and ion-exchange chromatographic seperations with examples.    [8]

b) Explain the role of impellers in a bioreactor. Write an account of their specifications in designing 8 the factors influencing their design. [7]

Q5) a) Explain the large scale production of any one amino acid as a flow sheet only with a note on the role of auxotrophic mutants in these productions using an example.    [8]

b) Explain the various strategies used in making a bioprocess, an

economically viable process.    [7]

Q6) a) Describe the production of FMD vaccine.    [5]

b)    Diagrammatically represent the counter-current solvent extraction method.

[5]

c)    Explain the fixed and variable costs in a bioprocess.    [5]

Q7) Write short notes on.    [15]

a)    Cell immobilization by covalent binding.

b)    SOPs of a bioprocess.

c)    Mass 8 energy balances of a bioprocess.

P265

[3819] - 802 T.Y. B.Sc. (Back log)

BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb - 342: Applications of Biotechnology in Agriculture & Health (Sem. - IV) (Old 2006 Course) (2004 Pattern)

Time: 3 Hours]    [Max. Marks : 80

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    Q.I from each section is compulsory.

2)    Attempt any two questions out Q.2, Q.3 and Q.4 from each section.

3)    Answer to each section should be written on separate answer books.

4)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

5)    Draw neat and labelled diagrams if necessary.

SECTION-I (Agriculture)

QI) Explain the terms:    [10]

a)    Ti plasmid.

b)    Clonal propagation.

c)    QTL.

d)    Green house technology.

e)    GM Food.

Q2) a) Explain the steps involved in cryopreservation of germ plasm. Give note on its application.    [8]

b) List methodologies of gene transfer in crop plants 8 explain any two of them.    [7]

b) Justify Risk assessment while introducing genetically modified products is essential.    [7]

Q4) a) What are molecular markers? Explain their application in RFLP analysis.

[8]

b) Explain use of micropropagation in Agriculture.    [7]

SECTION-II

(Health)

QI) Attempt the following :    [10]

a)    Enlist the applications of animal cell cloning.

b)    Define molecular marker.

c)    Give the names of any four human diseases for which RFLP based diagnostic tools are available in market.

d)    Enlist any four advantages of serum free animal cell culture.

e)    What are edible vaccines.

Q2) a) What are monoclonal antibodies? Explain how they are produced by

hybridoma technology.    [8]

b) What are recombinant vaccines? Explain the steps involved in

production of any one recombinant vaccine.    [7]

Q3) a) What is RFLP? Write the steps involved in preparation of RFLP maps.

[8]

b) Explain the role of PCR in diagnostics. Write its limitations as a diagnostic tools.    [7]

a)    Micromanipulation.

b)    Distinguish between serum containing medium and serum free medium.

c)    Distinguish between conventional vaccines and recombinant vaccines.

P266

[3819] - 803 T.Y. B.Sc. (Sem. - IV)

BIOTECHNOLOGY Bb - 343: Animal and Plant Development (Back log) (2006 Old Course)

Time: 3 Hours]    [Max. Marks : 80

Instructions to the candidates:

1)    Q.I from each section is compulsory.

2)    Attempt any two questions out of Q.2, Q.3 and Q.4 from each section.

3)    Answers to each section should be written on separate answer books.

4)    Figures to the right indicate full marks.

5)    Draw neat and labelled diagrams if necessary.

SECTION - I

(Animal Development)

QI) Explain the terms:    [10]

a)    Trans determination.

b)    Teratogenesis.

c)    Organiser.

d)    Polyspermy.

e)    Competence.

Q2) a) Describe the process of spermatogenesis.    [7]

b) Describe different types of egg on the basis of quantity and distribution of yolk.    [8]

Q3) a) Describe the technique of animal cloning with reference to Dolly. [7]

b) Write a note on genetic basis of antibody diversity.    [8]

Q4) a) Describe the process__Dedifferentiation__Transdifferentiation/

Redifferentiation, using Regeneration system as a model.    [8]

b) Describe the process of ageing.    [7]

SECTION-II

(Plant Development)

QI) Explain the following terms with reference to plant development.    [10]

a)    Organogenesis.

b)    Competence.

c)    Protoderm.

d)    Cytokinins.

e)    Quiescent centre.

Q2) a) What are homeotic mutants? How are they useful in understanding reproductive development in plants.    [8]

b) Describe the steps involved in regeneration of protoplasts in plants. Explain factors involved in it.    [7]

Q3) a) Give the name of different plant hormone. Explain the role of two of them during developmental processes.    [8]

b) What is somatic embryogenesis? Compare the somatic embryogenesis between Monocotyledons 8 Dicotyledons.    [7]

Q4) Write notes on:    [15]

a)    Apoptosis in plant cells.

b)    Shoot patterning.

c)    Dedifferentiation.

[3819]-803    2

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