Anna University Chennai 2010-6th Sem B.Tech Biotechnology B.E/,IAL/ BT1006-PRINCIPLES OF FOOD PROCESSING - Question Paper

B.E/B.TECH.DEGREE EXAMINATION,APRIAL/MAY2010

Sixth semester

BIOTECHNOLOGY

BT1006-PRINCIPLES OF FOOD PROCESSING

(common to seventh semester biotechnology)

Regulation 2004

Time:3 hours Maximum:100

 

Answer all the questions

PART-A(10 X 2=20Marks )

1. How is water sorption isotherm related to the moisture content of food?

2. What are dietary fibers? What is there use?

3. What are stabilizer and thickeners? Give example?

4. What is the reason for the characteristic porosity of breads and cakes?

5. Name any four food born parasites?

6. What is the significance of leuconostoc mesentroides?

7. Distinguish between refrigerated storage and frozen storage?

8. What are aflotoxins?

9. What are oriental fermented food?

10. Define canning?

 

PART-B (5 X 16=80)

11. (a) (i) Describe the type of water in food and biological systems based on their degree of

boundness? (8)

(ii) What are the methods of determining the water content in food? (8)

Or

(b) (i) Explain the composition structure physical characteristic and polymorphism of

triglycerides?(10)

(ii) Write a note on emulsifing properties of food? (6)

 

12. (a)Classify the different additives used in food industry giving one example for each class?

Or

(b) Write a note on the following

(i) Food colourants (8)

(ii) Enzyme used in food industry (8)

 

13. (a) (i) Describe in detail the production of mycoprotein for the use of food? (10)

(ii) Write the importance of molds in food processing? (6)

Or

(b) Explain the production /processing of the following 4 X4

(i) Vineger

(ii) Wine

(iii) Chocolate

(iv) Pulses

 

14. (a) Classify the various on their use of their ease of spoilage? Give example?

Or

(b) Discuss the type and factor responsible for spoilage?

 

15(a) (i)Discuss in detail the principle of thermal destruction of microorganisms explaining the term

D-value?(8)

(ii)How is the refigeratin load for a given losd calculated? Explain?(8)

Or

(b)(i)Write a note on the different type of drying equipment used in food industry? (10)

(ii) Explain the factors affecting the quality of frozen foods? (6)

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER

 

B.Tech. Industrial Biotechnology

IV Semester

IB 243 ENZYME ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Time : 3 Hours Max.Marks: 100

 

PART A (10 X 2 = 20 Marks)

Answer ALL Questions

1. Give an example of

a.    Enzymes used for the manufacture of fructose syrup from starch.

b.    A recombinant enzyme approved for use in the dairy products.

2. Explain with an example indirect assay of an enzymatic reaction.
3. Write down 2 methods of separation of proteins from low molecular weight solutes
4. Sucrose + H₂O ---> glucose + fructose

The equilibrium constant for the conversion of the disaccharide sucrose to the simple sugars glucose and fructose is 140,000.

What can you conclude from the above?

(a)      Its a closed system

(b)     It never reaches equilibrium

(c)      It is spontaneous, starting with sucrose

(d)     At equilibrium, the concentration of sucrose is much higher than the concentration of glucose and fructose.

5. What are Biosensors? Give an example
6. Explain Thiele Modulus. Write down the expression for Thiele modulus for a first order reaction, spherical geometry.
7. List any 2 downstream processing steps involved in the extraction of intracellular enzymes.
8. When alcohol dehydrogenase was immobilized on polyacrylamide, K_m for Butanol was 0.1 mM. When the enzyme was immobilized on a polymer of methacrylate and acrylamide, K_m for Butanol was found to be 0.025 mM. Explain the above (Assume all other conditions to be identical for both the cases)
9. Define V (maximum velocity), K_m^A K_m^B for a two substrate reaction and explain how one will evaluate the true kinetic parameters.
10. Methanol is a poison not because of what it does to the body itself but because the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase oxidizes it to formaldehyde, which is a potent poison. A treatment of methanol poisoning is to give the patient ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH). Why is this effective?

 

Part B

(Question No. 11 is Compulsory) (5 x 16 = 80 Marks)

11. The kinetics of an enzyme were analyzed in the absence and presence of inhibitors A and B.

(S) (mM)	Vo (Moles/minute)
	No inhibitor	5mM A	0.1 mM B
1.0	43	30	26
2.0	68	50	41
5.0	105	86	64
10.0	128	113	77
20.0	144	134	88

 

a) What type of inhibitors are A and B: Competitive or

NonCompetitive? (Use your graphs to answer this question).

b) In addition to calculating Km and V _{(mazimum velocity)} in the absence of

inhibitors, calculate the Ki constants for the inhibitors A and B.

 

12. Discuss the application of enzymes in the food and detergent industry

(OR)

Outline the method of manufacture of High Fructose corn syrup and explain the steps involved.

 

13. Derive an expression for the concentration profile of a substrate following first order kinetics and spherical geometry considering internal mass transfer.

(OR)

Explain the different methods of immobilization of enzymes, discussing the advantages and disadvantages.

 

14. Penicillin is hydrolyzed and thereby rendered inactive by penillicinase (also known as b-lactamase), an enzyme present in some resistant strains of bacteria. The molar mass of this enzyme is 29,000 g/mole. The amount of penicillin hydrolyzed in 1 minute in a 10 mL solution containing 10^-9 g of purified enzyme was measured as function of the concentration of penicillin (in mol/L). Assume the concentration of penicillin does not change appreciably during the assay.

[Penicillin}	Amount Hydrolyzed (nmols)
1	0.11
3	0.25
5	0.34
10	0.45
30	0.58
50	0.61

 

a.)  Plot 1/rate vs. 1/[S] for these data.

b.)  What is K_M?

c.)  What is V_max?

d.)  What is the turnover number?

(OR)

a) Rearrange the Michaelis Menton equation to give Eadie-Hofstee plot

b) What is the significance of the i) slope ii) Vertical intercept iii) horizontal intercept?

c) The reciprocal plot of a Bi-Bi reaction with ping pong mechanism for varying fixed substrate concentration generates parallel lines. Explain the above with the equation. Also provide a theoretical explanation.

 

15. a) Define Damkholer Number, External effectiveness factor.

b) Derive the relationship between External effectives factor h_e and

Damkholer number

(OR)

An enzyme is used to produce a compound used in manufacture of sunscreen lotion. V_max for the enzyme is 2.5 mmol m^‑3 s^-1; K_m = 8.9 mM. The initial concentration of substrate is 12 mM.

(a)      Find the batch time required to achieve 90% substrate conversion.

(b)     Assume the enzyme deactivates with half-life of 4.4 hours. Calculate the batch time for 90% substrate conversion and compare it with the time required without deactivation.

 

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