Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University 2011 B.E SS parer -RSTM -1YEAR - Question Paper

6) Republic: - authority vests with the people and their representatives. The supreme executive the head of the state is elected directly or indirectly by the people of the state for a fixed tenure.
7) Democratic Socialism: - of our constitution. We have established Democratic Socialism which is neither the philosophy Marxian socialism nor the Chinese Socialism but Socialism by democratic means and the respect and dignity f the individual is of the highest I value for us.
8) Single Citizenship: - federal states. But the principle of single citizenship has been adopted in India. There are similar conditions of citizenship and equal rights for every citizen I residing in India.
9) Supreme of Judiciary:- Court in lndia which performs the role of the guardian and interpreter of the one Constitution. In India, the Supreme Court can declare any act of the Union Supremacy of the Judiciary- The provision has been made the Supreme the constitution.
10) Fundamental Rights: - This is the outstanding feature of Indian Constitution. The inclusion of the Fundamental Rights from chapter Ill bf the Indian Constitution is an important landmark in the process of making available to every citizen social, economic and political justice. Those rights afford a basis for the development of the individual and the people and officials of lndia are bound to obey these rights.
11) Directive Principles of State Policy: - Article 36 to 51 o f Indian Constitution embodies the Directive Principles of State Policy and for these we are indebted to the constitution of Ireland.
12) Protection of the interest of Minorities and Scheduled Caste and Backward class: - The Articles 25 to 30 in the constitution safeguards the interest of the minorities freedom, cultural and educational rights. Seats have also been reserved for Scheduled Caste and Backward Class in government service, state legislative assemblies and Lok Sabha.
13) Promotion of World Peace: - According to article 51 the Indian state would promote international peace cordial relation among different countries of the world. It would maintain mutual respect and dignity among these states of the world. Besides this, the legal regulations of the Indian land would also maintain the respect for International treaties contracts

b) describe Bureaucracy. discuss the characteristics of Bureaucracy.

Bureaucracy:
The word bureaucracy has a French origin. When policy maker or politicians obtain they cannot do any particular work or the work has exceeded manageable bounds, they share their task with other. Again, those who have been assigned of responsibilities they share task with their sub-ordinates. All those who connect the workers with policy-makers can be called bureaucrats and the whole system as bureaucracy. In other words, the bureaucracy may be regarded as the government by the Civil Servants to carry on the administration of the state.

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